1. Geographic Position is an exact area position in comparison with a different region surrounding.

2. Geographically Indonesia was laid between two continents which are Asia and Australia and two oceans which is Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.

3. Indonesia Northern territory limits is 6o 08′ parallel north across Weh island, Southern territory limits is 11o 15′ southern latitude across Rote island, Western territory limits is 95o 45′ longitude east across Beureuh island and Eastern territory limits is 141o 05′ longitude east across Fly River and Merauke River.

4. Indonesia had longitude length of stretch out of 46o (141o BT – 99o Lon East) and latitude stretch out of 17o (6o LU + 11o South Lat).

5. Astronomical Positions is a position of a region on earth service that based on the longitude and latitude coordinate. This astronomic position known as the absolute position because it is definite.

6. Equator line [0o ] is a virtual line that across from west to east or east to west parallel with the sun orbital lines 0o on equator that makes separation region on earth becomes southern territory and northern territory.

7. Meridian Line [0o ] is a virtual line that vertically stretch out from north pole to south pole across the Greenwich observatory in England that makes separation separation region becomes western region and eastern region. Meridian line also known as GMT line stands for Greenwich Mean Time.

8. Latitude line is a virtual line that stretch out horizontally from west to east parallel with equator line.

9. Longitude line is a virtual line that stretch out vertically from north to south parallel with meridian line.

10. Coordinate point is a crossing point or a meeting point of longitude and latitude.

11. Astronomically, Indonesia position laid on 6o Par North – 11o Southern Lat and 95o Lon east – 141o Lon west.

12. Because of astronomically position Indonesia reside in tropical zone. Indonesia has three different time zones. It happens because every each earth circular rotation makes change 15o (360o/24 hour) from meridian line that bringing on 1 hour time difference.

13. Western Indonesia Time zone [WIB] verge on 105o Lon East covers on Sumatera, Jawa, Madura, Central Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan. Central Indonesia Time zone [WITA] verge on 120o Lon East covers on Bali, Western Nusa Tenggara, Eastern Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi. Northern Indonesia Time zone [WIT] verge on 135o Lon East covers on Maluku and Papua.

14. On April to October around September 22nd relatively the sun position is on tropic of Capricornus constellation [Tropica Capricorn] against Earth Southern territory (23,5o Southern Lat.), so on that periods sun moves from tropica Capricorn to equator. This condition contributes on Australia climate. Monsoon weather breeze from Asia to Australia through Hindia Ocean. And Indonesia having rainy season during the time.

15. On April to October around June 21st relatively the sun position is on tropic of Cancer constellation [Tropica Cancer] against Earth Northern territory (23,5o Par. North), so on that period sun moves from tropica Cancer to equator. This condition contributes on Asia climate and Australia facing cold season and wind breeze to Asia. Monsoon weather was breeze from Australia to Asia through poor aqueous vapour above the ocean. And Indonesia having dry season during the time.

16. In between of those seasons during September to October and April to May, wind directions were unpredictable and have consequences to climate conditions in Indonesia. Those conditions known as transition period [pancaroba].

Krisnadi N.Wahyudi

By: Kris Wahyudi

About the Author:

Bird watching (birdwatching) or in addition referred to as birding is the observation and study of birds with the ***** eye or with the use of binoculars. Birding in addition includes the auditory component, since birds can be easily and readily detected using the ear than the eye. Most popular follow birdwatching as hobby.

Birdwatching can be traced back as early as the Victorian Era in Britain when the observation of birds and natural history became fashionable. Collectors would collect eggs, skins and feathers from different colonies. But in the 1800s there was popular call for the protective cover of birds, this led to the observation on living birds.

Meanwhile in the United States, as soon as 1889 there is already a field guide written by Florence Bailey entitled Birds Through an Opera Glass. In the early and mid-20th century, the focus of bird watching in the US was in the eastern seaboard region. Cut out, not simply are there local birdwatching guides, the’re already global guides. The wire of traveling by plane enable hobbyist and severe birdwatchers to travel different places and observe wild birds in their natural habitat. Birding can likewise be done in your own backyard or the local park.

Birding likewise includes taking precise note of the minute facts that distinguish one specie from its competitors, and mastering the skills of identifying features for documentation in addition to contribution to the body of knowledge regarding winged creatures. However this does restrict sitting for hours, frequently crouched and hidden in true bird watcher stance.

Birdwatching is the fastest growing outdoor activity in the United States. According to a survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 51.3 million Americans report that they watch birds. While in Europe it is looked upon as a preoccupation. And more are taking it up constantly. So, why increasingly people are taking concern in this activity?

Historically, birds are considered bringers of omens. Ancient Romans believed that the flights and call of birds could foretell the time to come. Nowadays, modern science still uses birds as future tellers. Changes is bird populations reflect the health of the environment.

But the majority of people start birding for simple reasons. Like having fun or creating a connection with the wonders of nature. Birding is in addition beneficial for a healthy life. The biggest cause of health problems of people nowadays is inactivity. Birdwatching limits your inactive time in front of the television or computer. Birdwatching gets you outside and walking.

Birdwatching is in addition a great family activity. It unites people across generations. By selecting some of this activity, you get to be amalgamated with your parents, grandparents and children. Someday also go birdwatching for social reasons. Nearly every community has a birding club. Birdwatching is in addition a relaxing a settling sport. Mind settles down when you’re with a bird. The senses open, you could even take pleasure in going out alone.

For starting birdwatchers or those who are interested, there are local bird clubs or magazines devoted to birdwatching that can help you started. Contacting bird book or a field guide will also help you discover more details about birdwatching. A field guide is a little book with different bird info. Birdwatching basics are also obtainable in DVDs or film footage but getting outside and studying the birds will be much better.

By: Lloyd Vasquez

About the Author:

The demand for English courses is related to the increasing prevalence of English as one of the main international languages. Globalisation and the acceleration of international trade, commerce and travel have greatly boosted the demand for English. Ireland has always been a very popular destination for tourists because of its reputation for beautiful scenery and hospitality. This reputation combined with the fact that English is the primary spoken language means that Ireland is also a top destination for students who want to go abroad to study english. It is estimated that the EFL sector in Ireland attracts more than 130,000 students annually.

Globally, the British Council has indicated, in a report on international education, that the numbers of EFL students could grow to 2 billion by 2010, which means there will be more and more students coming to Ireland in the future.

According to a survey carried out by Dublin Institute of Technology in 2006, students from Italy made up the largest single nationality group, accounting for 38% of all EFL students who came to Ireland between April 2005 and March 2006. Spanish (15%) and French students (9%) also made up a sizeable percentage of students. European students make up an overwhelming majority of all EFL students in Ireland (74%). Students from Asia account for about 10% of the total, with the vast majority of these students concentrated in the senior category.

An important factor, when examining the EFL sector in Ireland, is the age profile of foreign students who come here. Research carried out by the Language Travel Magazine (2006) shows that students aged between 19 and 24 years of age are the largest group. Interestingly, students aged 19 years and older represent over 70% of all students.

It is interesting to ask the question, why do students choose Ireland rather than other English speaking countries? Irelands’ reputation for friendliness I think must be among the top reasons. Ireland has always been known for its hospitality and welcome to foreign visitors. The host families play an important role in this, as they allow students to experience, first hand, Irish culture and family life. They create a ‘home away from home’ atmosphere. Ireland is also perceived as still being a relatively safe place to visit and this is probably another important factor in why students choose Ireland.

The Lonely Planet travel guide group listed Ireland as the Worlds’ Friendliest Country, in 2007. The Lonely Planet’s Blue list books are annual collections of the top trends, destinations and experiences around the world. In the latest survey, Ireland came in above Fiji, Indonesia and Malawi as the friendliest travel destination. “Visitors are always ‘in for a treat’ and with ‘The Troubles’ ended, ‘a cautious optimism reigns supreme, infecting the land once again with the sense that anything’s possible” Lonely Planet, (2007).

Aspects of popular culture including the success of bands like U2 and Westlife, as well as the international profile of the Riverdance ensemble and Irish film may also have had an influence in advancing a positive view of Ireland. Ireland’s membership of the EU is also an important factor for students from EU countries. Ireland’s historical heritage and literary tradition also carry interest for students. In addition, the awareness of the Celtic Tiger economy is relevant to the perception that Ireland is likely to be an easier country in which to find employment.

There is a greater selection of English courses available in Ireland. English programmes are now widespread throughout the country and not just in Dublin city. Cities like Galway, Limerick and Cork now also have a range of English schools and programmes to choose from. Some examples of the courses include, general English courses, intensive english courses, homestay english courses. There is a trend towards combining English courses with other sports and cultural activites such as horse riding, golf, rugby, fishing.

Other students enjoy spending time in the Irish countryside by learning English through a stay on a farm.
The choices are endless!

By: Noel Kelly

About the Author:

Bird watching (birdwatching) or in addition referred to as birding is the observation and study of birds with the ***** eye or with the use of binoculars. Birding in addition includes the auditory component, since birds can be easily and readily detected using the ear than the eye. Most popular follow birdwatching as hobby.

Birdwatching can be traced back as early as the Victorian Era in Britain when the observation of birds and natural history became fashionable. Collectors would collect eggs, skins and feathers from different colonies. But in the 1800s there was popular call for the protective cover of birds, this led to the observation on living birds.

Meanwhile in the United States, as soon as 1889 there is already a field guide written by Florence Bailey entitled Birds Through an Opera Glass. In the early and mid-20th century, the focus of bird watching in the US was in the eastern seaboard region. Cut out, not simply are there local birdwatching guides, the’re already global guides. The wire of traveling by plane enable hobbyist and severe birdwatchers to travel different places and observe wild birds in their natural habitat. Birding can likewise be done in your own backyard or the local park.

Birding likewise includes taking precise note of the minute facts that distinguish one specie from its competitors, and mastering the skills of identifying features for documentation in addition to contribution to the body of knowledge regarding winged creatures. However this does restrict sitting for hours, frequently crouched and hidden in true bird watcher stance.

Birdwatching is the fastest growing outdoor activity in the United States. According to a survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 51.3 million Americans report that they watch birds. While in Europe it is looked upon as a preoccupation. And more are taking it up constantly. So, why increasingly people are taking concern in this activity?

Historically, birds are considered bringers of omens. Ancient Romans believed that the flights and call of birds could foretell the time to come. Nowadays, modern science still uses birds as future tellers. Changes is bird populations reflect the health of the environment.

But the majority of people start birding for simple reasons. Like having fun or creating a connection with the wonders of nature. Birding is in addition beneficial for a healthy life. The biggest cause of health problems of people nowadays is inactivity. Birdwatching limits your inactive time in front of the television or computer. Birdwatching gets you outside and walking.

Birdwatching is in addition a great family activity. It unites people across generations. By selecting some of this activity, you get to be amalgamated with your parents, grandparents and children. Someday also go birdwatching for social reasons. Nearly every community has a birding club. Birdwatching is in addition a relaxing a settling sport. Mind settles down when you’re with a bird. The senses open, you could even take pleasure in going out alone.

For starting birdwatchers or those who are interested, there are local bird clubs or magazines devoted to birdwatching that can help you started. Contacting bird book or a field guide will also help you discover more details about birdwatching. A field guide is a little book with different bird info. Birdwatching basics are also obtainable in DVDs or film footage but getting outside and studying the birds will be much better.

By: Lloyd Vasquez

About the Author:

The demand for English courses is related to the increasing prevalence of English as one of the main international languages. Globalisation and the acceleration of international trade, commerce and travel have greatly boosted the demand for English. Ireland has always been a very popular destination for tourists because of its reputation for beautiful scenery and hospitality. This reputation combined with the fact that English is the primary spoken language means that Ireland is also a top destination for students who want to go abroad to study english. It is estimated that the EFL sector in Ireland attracts more than 130,000 students annually.

Globally, the British Council has indicated, in a report on international education, that the numbers of EFL students could grow to 2 billion by 2010, which means there will be more and more students coming to Ireland in the future.

According to a survey carried out by Dublin Institute of Technology in 2006, students from Italy made up the largest single nationality group, accounting for 38% of all EFL students who came to Ireland between April 2005 and March 2006. Spanish (15%) and French students (9%) also made up a sizeable percentage of students. European students make up an overwhelming majority of all EFL students in Ireland (74%). Students from Asia account for about 10% of the total, with the vast majority of these students concentrated in the senior category.

An important factor, when examining the EFL sector in Ireland, is the age profile of foreign students who come here. Research carried out by the Language Travel Magazine (2006) shows that students aged between 19 and 24 years of age are the largest group. Interestingly, students aged 19 years and older represent over 70% of all students.

It is interesting to ask the question, why do students choose Ireland rather than other English speaking countries? Irelands’ reputation for friendliness I think must be among the top reasons. Ireland has always been known for its hospitality and welcome to foreign visitors. The host families play an important role in this, as they allow students to experience, first hand, Irish culture and family life. They create a ‘home away from home’ atmosphere. Ireland is also perceived as still being a relatively safe place to visit and this is probably another important factor in why students choose Ireland.

The Lonely Planet travel guide group listed Ireland as the Worlds’ Friendliest Country, in 2007. The Lonely Planet’s Blue list books are annual collections of the top trends, destinations and experiences around the world. In the latest survey, Ireland came in above Fiji, Indonesia and Malawi as the friendliest travel destination. “Visitors are always ‘in for a treat’ and with ‘The Troubles’ ended, ‘a cautious optimism reigns supreme, infecting the land once again with the sense that anything’s possible” Lonely Planet, (2007).

Aspects of popular culture including the success of bands like U2 and Westlife, as well as the international profile of the Riverdance ensemble and Irish film may also have had an influence in advancing a positive view of Ireland. Ireland’s membership of the EU is also an important factor for students from EU countries. Ireland’s historical heritage and literary tradition also carry interest for students. In addition, the awareness of the Celtic Tiger economy is relevant to the perception that Ireland is likely to be an easier country in which to find employment.

There is a greater selection of English courses available in Ireland. English programmes are now widespread throughout the country and not just in Dublin city. Cities like Galway, Limerick and Cork now also have a range of English schools and programmes to choose from. Some examples of the courses include, general English courses, intensive english courses, homestay english courses. There is a trend towards combining English courses with other sports and cultural activites such as horse riding, golf, rugby, fishing.

Other students enjoy spending time in the Irish countryside by learning English through a stay on a farm.
The choices are endless!

By: Noel Kelly

About the Author: